Ohm's Law
V = I × R — Enter any two values to solve for the third.
Power Calculator
P = V×I | P = I²R | P = V²/R
Voltage Divider
Vout = Vin × R2 / (R1 + R2)
Current Divider
For two parallel resistors: I1 = Itotal × R2 / (R1 + R2)
Series / Parallel Resistors
Enter resistor values separated by commas.
Series / Parallel Capacitors
Enter capacitor values separated by commas (in the chosen unit).
Series / Parallel Inductors
Enter inductor values separated by commas (in the chosen unit). Assumes no mutual coupling.
RC Time Constant
τ = R × C — with charge / discharge curve plot.
LC Resonant Frequency
f = 1 / (2π√(LC))
555 Timer Calculator
Astable and monostable modes.
RC Filter Cutoff Frequency
fc = 1 / (2πRC) — low-pass or high-pass single-pole filter.
Resistor Color Code
Bidirectional: enter a value to see bands, or pick band colors to see the value.
Value → Color Bands
Color Bands → Value
Standard Value Finder
Find the nearest E-series standard resistor value.
LED Resistor Calculator
R = (Vsupply - Vf) / If
Capacitor Charge Energy
E = ½CV²
PCB Trace Width Calculator
IPC-2221 formula for required trace width given current.
Microstrip Trace Impedance
Approximate Z0 for an outer-layer microstrip trace.
Thermal Resistance Chain
Tj = Ta + Pdiss × (Rjc + Rcs + Rsa)
Heatsink Sizing
Required heatsink thermal resistance: Rsa = (Tj_max - Ta) / P - Rjc - Rcs
dBm ↔ Watts ↔ Volts
Convert between dBm, watts, and RMS volts (with impedance).
AWG ↔ mm² Wire Gauge
Convert between AWG and metric wire sizes. Includes diameter, area, and max current (chassis wiring).
Frequency ↔ Period ↔ Wavelength
f = 1/T, λ = c/f
Temperature Converter
°C ↔ °F ↔ K
Data Rate Converter
Convert between bps, kbps, Mbps, Baud, and bytes/s.
Voltage / Power dB Calculator
dB(power) = 10·log10(P2/P1) | dB(voltage) = 20·log10(V2/V1)
Free Space Path Loss
FSPL(dB) = 20·log10(d) + 20·log10(f) + 20·log10(4π/c)
Skin Depth Calculator
δ = √(2ρ / (ωμ))
VSWR ↔ Return Loss ↔ Reflection Coefficient
Enter any one value to compute the others.
Antenna Gain Converter
dBi = dBd + 2.15
Non-Inverting Op-Amp Gain
Av = 1 + Rf/Rg
Inverting Op-Amp Gain
Av = -Rf / Rin
Transimpedance Amplifier
Vout = -Iin × Rf — Current-to-voltage converter (photodiode front-end, etc.)
